Pope Francis, spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church, died April 21, 2025, at the age of 88. His passing marks the end of a papacy that emphasized humility, justice, and inclusion. As the first Jesuit pope and the first from Latin America, his leadership transformed how many viewed the role of the Vatican in modern life.
The announcement of his death triggered the declaration of sede vacante, Latin for the seat is vacant. This signals the suspension of all papal duties and begins a transitional period within the church. Cardinal Kevin Farrell now assumes temporary authority over the administration of the Holy See.
Pope Francis’s body currently lies in state at St. Peter’s Basilica. Thousands of pilgrims and mourners have gathered to offer their respects. In line with his personal wishes, his funeral will be modest. Rather than being buried in the traditional papal tombs beneath the Vatican, he will be laid to rest at the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, a church close to his heart.
The Vatican is now observing Novemdiales, a nine-day period of mourning. Each day includes special masses and liturgical services, offering prayers for the repose of Francis’ soul and reflection on his leadership.
Attention now turns to the upcoming conclave. This ancient process gathers all cardinals under the age of 80, currently 135 of them, to elect a new pope. The cardinals will convene in the Sistine Chapel, isolated from the world until a two-thirds majority is reached in favor of a single candidate.
The vote is conducted in secrecy. After each round of voting, ballots are burned. Black smoke rising from the chapel chimney indicates no decision. White smoke announces that a new pope has been elected.
Several figures are already being discussed as likely successors. Among them is Cardinal Matteo Zuppi of Bologna, known for his pastoral approach and progressive views. Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle of the Philippines is widely respected for his humility and connection with the global south.
Cardinal Pietro Parolin, the Vatican’s secretary of state, brings extensive experience in diplomacy and church governance. Meanwhile, Cardinal Péter Erdő of Hungary represents a more conservative theological perspective.
The next pope will inherit both opportunities and challenges. Pope Francis led the Church to engage deeply with issues such as poverty, climate change and migration. His successor will be tasked with preserving this momentum while addressing internal divisions and a rapidly changing global society.
As Catholics around the world grieve, they also hope for the election of a new leader. The church’s future will be decided by the choice made in the conclave.
Edited by Stuti Khadka and Jeremy Ford.
